Earth system science is an interdisciplinary field that studies the interactions between the various components of the Earth system, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere. This field seeks to understand how these components interact and influence each other, as well as how external factors such as human activities impact the Earth system as a whole. Earth system science incorporates a wide range of scientific disciplines, including geology, meteorology, ecology, and oceanography, in order to develop a comprehensive understanding of the Earth as a complex, interconnected system. This research area is crucial for addressing environmental challenges such as climate change, natural disasters, and ecosystem degradation.